uncountable nouns

by reza-r 26. May 2009 17:51

Uncountable nouns are always used in the singular form and subsequently need a singular form of verb. In this post I am going to provide you with some of the most widely used uncountable nouns. Getting familiar with these nouns will help you speak and write by far better. After these nouns you are given an exercise on using suitable form of verbs with different subjects.Try to answer the questions.It woulb be a good practice for you.  

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Information                       literature                            vocabulary                           advertising                            lumber

Vegetation                         youngster (C)                    stationery                             stationary                              luggage

Climate (C,U)                     homework                         assingment(C,U)                  slang                                      fish

Weather                             clothing                            machinary                           propaganda                            traffic

Equipment                          laughter                            knowledge                           architect                             

Engineering                        architecture                       skyscraper(C)                                            

Coffee                                  sugar                              chicken                               meat                                     advice

Gold                                      iron                                coal                                    oxygen                                 tennis

Recreation                             relaxation                        enjoyment                          technology                            liberty

French                                    English                            fear                                  research                               warmth work  

 news                                     paint                                  food                                                      

AGREEMENT OF THE SUBJECT AND THE VERB

1.A second series of books on American literature (is,are) being planned by the publisher.

2.several means of accomplishing our purpose(was,were) proposed at our meeting.

3.over $1500 (has,have) already been withheld from his salary.

4.two gallons of paint (is,are) all we need.

5.the goods (was,were) shipped yesterday.

6.athletics (has,have) always been emphasised in this school.

7.the proceeds of the sale (is,are) going to charity.

8.his riches (is,are) obtained illegally.

9.the measles (cause,causes) very vital problems.

10.the acoustics in this room(is,are)not good. 



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Tag Quetions - Part 2

by omid 30. April 2009 14:00

Tag Questions;

Part 2;

Intonation

We can change the meaning of a tag question with the musical pitch of our voice. With rising intonation, it sounds like a real question. But if our intonation falls, it sounds more like a statement that doesn't require a real answer:

intonation

You don't know where my wallet is,

do you?

/ rising

real question

It's a beautiful view,

isn't it?

\ falling

not a real question

Answers to tag questions

 
 

How do we answer a tag question? Often, we just say Yes or No. Sometimes we may repeat the tag and reverse it (..., do they? Yes, they do). Be very careful about answering tag questions. In some languages, an opposite system of answering is used, and non-native English speakers sometimes answer in the wrong way. This can lead to a lot of confusion!

For example, everyone knows that snow is white. Look at these questions, and the correct answers:

tag question

correct answer

Snow is white, isn't it?

Yes (it is).

the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS WHITE!

but notice the change of stress when the answerer does not agree with the questioner

Snow isn't white, is it?

Yes it is!

Snow is black, isn't it?

No it isn't!

the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS NOT BLACK!

Snow isn't black, is it?

No (it isn't).

In some languages, people answer a question like "Snow isn't black, is it?" with "Yes" (meaning "Yes, I agree with you"). This is the wrong answer in English!

Here are some more examples, with correct answers:

  • The moon goes round the earth, doesn't it? Yes, it does.
  • The earth is bigger than the moon, isn't it? Yes.
  • The earth is bigger than the sun, isn't it? No, it isn't!
  • Asian people don't like rice, do they? Yes, they do!
  • Elephants live in Europe, don't they? No, they don't!
  • Men don't have babies, do they? No.
  • The English alphabet doesn't have 40 letters, does it? No, it doesn't.

Question tags with imperatives

Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence remains an imperative and does not require a direct answer. We use won't for invitations. We use can, can't, will, would for orders.

imperative + question tag

notes:

invitation

Take a seat, won't you?

polite

order

Help me, can you?

quite friendly

Help me, can't you?

quite friendly (some irritation?)

Close the door, would you?

quite polite

Do it now, will you?

less polite

Don't forget, will you?

with negative imperatives only will is possible

Same-way question tags

Although the basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive, it is sometime possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure. We use same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions.

  • So you're having a baby, are you? That's wonderful!
  • She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance!
  • So you think that's amusing, do you? Think again.

Negative-negative tag questions usually sound rather hostile:

  • So you don't like my looks, don't you?

 

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Tag Questions- Part 1

by omid 30. April 2009 13:56

Hi all dear students;

I’m going to post a two part series of information about a common part of speech which is of very frequent use among native speakers. It is known as “Tag Questions”. Becoming skillful in using tag questions makes your speech more and more native-like. If there is any problem, I’ll be glad to help you.

Tag Questions

Part 1;

You speak English, don't you?

 
 

A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag".

We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English.

The basic structure is:

+
Positive statement,

-
negative tag?

Snow is white,

isn't it?

-
Negative statement,

+
positive tag?

You don't like me,

do you?

Look at these examples with positive statements:

positive statement [+]

negative tag [-]

notes:

subject

auxiliary

main verb

auxiliary

not

personal
pronoun
(same as subject)

You

are

coming,

Are

n't

you?

We

have

finished,

have

n't

we?

You

do

Like

coffee,

Do

n't

you?

You

 

Like

coffee,

Do

n't

you?

You (do) like...

They

will

help,

Wo

n't

they?

won't = will not

I

can

come,

Can

't

I?

We

must

go,

must

n't

we?

He

should

Try

harder,

should

n't

he?

You

Are

English,

are

n't

you?

no auxiliary for main verb be present & past

John

Was

there,

was

n't

he?

Look at these examples with negative statements:

negative statement [-]

positive tag [+]

subject

auxiliary

main verb

Auxiliary

personal pronoun
(same as subject)

It

is

n't

raining,

Is

it?

We

have

never

Seen

that,

Have

we?

You

do

n't

Like

coffee,

Do

you?

They

will

Not

help,

Will

they?

They

wo

n't

Report

us,

Will

they?

I

can

never

Do

it right,

Can

I?

We

must

n't

Tell

her,

Must

we?

He

should

n't

Drive

so fast,

Should

he?

You

Are

n't

English,

Are

you?

John

Was

not

there,

Was

he?

Some special cases:

I am right, aren't I?

aren't I (not amn't I)

You have to go, don't you?

you (do) have to go...

I have been answering, haven't I?

use first auxiliary

Nothing came in the post, did it?

treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements

Let's go, shall we?

let's = let us

He'd better do it, hadn't he?

he had better (no auxiliary)

Here are some mixed examples:

  • But you don't really love her, do you?
  • This will work, won't it?
  • Well, I couldn't help it, could I?
  • But you'll tell me if she calls, won't you?
  • We'd never have known, would we?
  • The weather's bad, isn't it?
  • You won't be late, will you?
  • Nobody knows, do they?

Notice that we often use tag questions to ask for information or help, starting with a negative statement. This is quite a friendly/polite way of making a request. For example, instead of saying "Where is the police station?" (not very polite), or "Do you know where the police station is?" (slightly more polite), we could say: "You wouldn't know where the police station is, would you?" Here are some more examples:

  • You don't know of any good jobs, do you?
  • You couldn't help me with my homework, could you?
  • You haven't got $10 to lend me, have you?

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Grammar Contest:

by Ehsan Dehghan 29. January 2009 17:26

Grammar competition:

This is a grammar contest. ALL of the following sentences contain errors. Find them, and write the correct form of the sentences in a Microsoft Office Word file. E-mail the file to me at ed@ieicielts.com. Don’t forget to write your name in the mail you send. Remember: DO NOT WRITE THE ANSWERS IN THE COMMENTS SECTION!

Thank you and see you soon.

1.   Ali and Jack were talking about some problems. The problems which have never been the matter of focus seemed really difficult for them to solve. They decided to talk to a man, who lived in a city called Ouchtapuia which was located 300 kilometers from their house…

2.   Jack and Mary were studying with each other. Suddenly, Mary started and shouted: “Oh, I am remembering the sentence Ali has said yesterday!”

3.   When have you gone to Michigan? You never said me you did that!

4.   When you are angry, what do you do?

5.   I can’t remember why what he said was really embarrassed.

6.   Where Jack is is really beautiful decorated.

7.   Don’t you know the people who Jack visited their house on Sunday where do they live?

8.   The number of advices Mary got to me were so much that I am forgetting that right now.

9.   I have a car which is red. My car which is always parked in front of Mr. Smith’s house who is an English teacher is usually so obvious to see.

10.                 Write the longest noun phrase you can.

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Articles of English a/an/the

by reza-r 29. January 2009 15:46

Articles of English, part five

  

Hi everybody. This is the fifth post on the articles of English. I am going to continue the subject by discussing other situations in which we need article the.

   

9. With gerunds and abstract nouns:

 
  • With gerunds                           The instructing of young children is difficult.
  • With abstract nouns                The instruction of young children is difficult.
  • But                                          Instructing young children is difficult.
 

Note: The second and the third sentence are preferable.

  

10. With place names (general rules):

 

a.       With names composed entirely or partially of common nouns. The last noun usually refers to a political union or association.

 

             ·         The Soviet Union                                   The United Kingdom

             ·         The Dominican Republic                       The British Commonwealth 

 

b.      With names composed of common nouns plus proper nouns contained within of phrase.

 

·         The Republic of China               The Union of South Africa

·         The State of New York             The Republic of Iran

 

c.       With plural names.

 

·         The United States                      The Philippine Islands 

·         The Rocky Mountains                The Great Lakes

 

d.      With names for special points on the globe.

 

·         The North Pole       The equator        The Southern Hemisphere

 

 

 I know, at the first glance these may seem confusing. But remember that practice makes perfect. You need to study and practice articles over and over to transfer them from your short-term memory to your long-term memory. Stay with us for more.

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Articles of English a/an/the

by reza-r 29. January 2009 15:12

Articles of English: part four 

 

Hi. Here I want to continue the subject of articles by introducing more situations in which article the can be used.

 

5.With the names of the professions or occupations when the specific name of the person isn’t mentioned.

  • I have an appointment with Dr. Green.     Is the doctor in?
  • Where is Professor Martin?                     Do you know where the professor is?           
 

6. With the names of musical instruments:

 
  • I play the violin. (But: Do you like violin music?)
  • Have you studied the piano? (But: I take piano classes.)
 

7. We can use article the with a singular noun to make a generalization:

  • The lion is an animal.
  • The camel comes from Africa and Asia.
 

Note1: The emphasizes the class itself , without regard for concrete representatives of the class.

 

Note2: Remember that we can make a generalization by using articles a/an and plural form of a noun. 

 

8. With ranking adjectives:

 

a. The plus the superlatives of adjectives:

         ·         She is the best cook I know.

         ·         They bought the most expensive furniture in the store.

   

            b. The plus ordinals:

                     ·         The fifth lesson. (But: Lesson three)

                     ·         The third chapter. (But: Chapter three

  

            c. The plus adjectives in a time or space sequence: 

                (the next, the following, the last)  

·         A student in the last row was asleep.

·         The next plane leaves in an hour.

 

Compare with: 

 

·         He will give his lecture next week.

·         He gave his lecture last week.

             

            d. The plus other adjectives that rank nouns:                  

                (chief, principal, main, only)

 

                     ·         The chief reason for his resignation was his bad health.

                     ·         He is the only person who can do this job.

 

  Well! We will have two or three more posts on this subject and after that you are going to take an exam related to this subject. Your success is our mission possible.

 

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The right way of studying grammar

by Ehsan Dehghan 26. January 2009 07:54

The Right Way of Studying Grammar

Hi everybody!

No introduction and beating around the bush, I’m going to talk turkey right away!

What I have seen in many of the students studying English is their misconception about studying grammar. Many hate it, and many love it, but almost everybody studies it the wrong way!

I believe the best way to study grammar is to find an application for it. As you may know, IELTS is not a test of grammar, and does not have any direct questions for testing grammar, or any section called grammar. Actually, that is one of the basic differences between IELTS and some other tests, say TOEFL.

In order for you to learn grammar in the best way possible, what you are supposed to do is to know that grammar is the key to understanding and producing language. Therefore, whatever you study in grammar, you must find an application, a practicality for. For example, when you study the “ simple present tense” , what you should do is to think about its application in real life situations, such as speaking about your daily routine, and so on. After all, follow the basic principle here in order to improve your grammatical view:

1-     Learn the grammatical points.

2-     Find at least 3 applications for speaking, and 3 for writing.

3-     Make at least 5 sentences for each application.

4-     Review the previously learnt content.

And that’s it! Good luck!

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Articles-part3

by reza-r 25. January 2009 18:43

 Articles of English part three 

 

Hi dear students. We said that English articles are divided into two main categories. We got familiar with the first group (I mean indefinite articles A and AN). Here I want to introduce the second group.

 

 2. The second category is article the (known as the definite article). As you can see this category has just one member. The most important thing about this article is applying it in suitable situations. In other words, you have to learn where you do need the article and where you don’t.  

In the following situations we need this article:

 

1. With a noun that is made particular by a modifying phrase or clause.

  • Water is good to drink. The water from that river is safe to drink.
  • Some sports are dangerous. The sports that I recommend aren’t dangerous.
 

2. To particularize an indefinite preceding concept(indefinite antecedent).

  • There was a cloud in the sky. Suddenly the cloud grew darker.
 

3. With a common noun followed by a proper nouns:

  • The writer Hemingway                       The play Hamlet
  • The author Saroyan                             The planet earth
 

4. For known objects in the environment

  • He walked into the house and hung his coat in the closet.
Ok, this isn’t all. There is much more to learn about the. Stay with us for more. So long! 

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